Computer Wikipedia. A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out arbitrary sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow generalized sets of operations, called programs, enables them to perform an extremely wide range of tasks. Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design, but also in general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions of other computers. Microsoft Office Professional 2007 Applications Of Trigonometry' title='Microsoft Office Professional 2007 Applications Of Trigonometry' />Since ancient times, simple manual devices like the abacus aided people in doing calculations. Early in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automate long tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analog calculations in the early 2. The first digital electronic calculating machines were developed during World War II. The speed, power, and versatility of computers has increased continuously and dramatically since then. Insert-Equations-in-Microsoft-Word-Step-2-Version-6.jpg/aid151162-v4-728px-Insert-Equations-in-Microsoft-Word-Step-2-Version-6.jpg' alt='Microsoft Office Professional 2007 Applications Of Trigonometry' title='Microsoft Office Professional 2007 Applications Of Trigonometry' />Conventionally, a modern computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit CPU, and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logical operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices include input devices keyboards, mice, joystick, etc., output devices monitor screens, printers, etc., and inputoutput devices that perform both functions e. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source and they enable the result of operations to be saved and retrieved. Etymology. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of the word computer was in 1. The Yong Mans Gleanings by English writer Richard Braithwait I haue sic read the truest computer of Times, and the best Arithmetician that euer sic breathed, and he reduceth thy dayes into a short number. This usage of the term referred to a person who carried out calculations or computations. The word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 2. From the end of the 1. The Online Etymology Dictionary gives the first attested use of computer in the 1. The Online Etymology Dictionary states that the use of the term to mean calculating machine of any type is from 1. Comprehensive textbooks, digital products, teaching materials and services for Early Childhood, Elementary, Middle School, High School and Professional Education for. Deditos Pegajosos Sticky Fingers Aprendamos Sobre El Numero 5 Exploring the Number 5, Nancy Harris 9781434468734 1434468739 The First. The Online Etymology Dictionary indicates that the modern use of the term, to mean programmable digital electronic computer dates from. Turing machine. 2History. Pre 2. 0th century. Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, mostly using one to one correspondence with fingers. The earliest counting device was probably a form of tally stick. Online Documents Library. Free download ebook and owner manual in PDF. Read online and download for free. World Of Tanks Hack World Of Tanks Cheats And Tricks. Latest Document. In Quest Of Telescopes. Later record keeping aids throughout the Fertile Crescent included calculi clay spheres, cones, etc. The use of counting rods is one example. The Chinese Suanpan the number represented on this abacus is 6,3. The abacus was initially used for arithmetic tasks. The Roman abacus was developed from devices used in Babylonia as early as 2. BC. Since then, many other forms of reckoning boards or tables have been invented. In a medieval European counting house, a checkered cloth would be placed on a table, and markers moved around on it according to certain rules, as an aid to calculating sums of money. The Antikythera mechanism is believed to be the earliest mechanical analog computer, according to Derek J. Solla Price. 5 It was designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in 1. Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to circa 1. BC. Devices of a level of complexity comparable to that of the Antikythera mechanism would not reappear until a thousand years later. Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use. The planisphere was a star chart invented by Ab Rayhn al Brn in the early 1. The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. A combination of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy. An astrolabe incorporating a mechanical calendar computer78 and gear wheels was invented by Abi Bakr of Isfahan, Persia in 1. Ab Rayhn al Brn invented the first mechanical geared lunisolar calendar astrolabe,1. AD. The sector, a calculating instrument used for solving problems in proportion, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various functions, such as squares and cube roots, was developed in the late 1. The planimeter was a manual instrument to calculate the area of a closed figure by tracing over it with a mechanical linkage. The slide rule was invented around 1. It is a hand operated analog computer for doing multiplication and division. As slide rule development progressed, added scales provided reciprocals, squares and square roots, cubes and cube roots, as well as transcendental functions such as logarithms and exponentials, circular and hyperbolictrigonometry and other functions. Slide rules with special scales are still used for quick performance of routine calculations, such as the E6. B circular slide rule used for time and distance calculations on light aircraft. In the 1. 77. 0s Pierre Jaquet Droz, a Swiss watchmaker, built a mechanical doll automata that could write holding a quill pen. By switching the number and order of its internal wheels different letters, and hence different messages, could be produced. In effect, it could be mechanically programmed to read instructions. Along with two other complex machines, the doll is at the Muse dArt et dHistoire of Neuchtel, Switzerland, and still operates. The tide predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location. The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration, used wheel and disc mechanisms to perform the integration. In 1. 87. 6 Lord Kelvin had already discussed the possible construction of such calculators, but he had been stymied by the limited output torque of the ball and disk integrators. In a differential analyzer, the output of one integrator drove the input of the next integrator, or a graphing output. The torque amplifier was the advance that allowed these machines to work. Starting in the 1. Vannevar Bush and others developed mechanical differential analyzers. First computing device. Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the father of the computer,1. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navigational calculations, in 1. Analytical Engine, was possible. The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards, a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom.